Border & Customs Regulations

Section IV of Part III of the TRIPS Agreement impose certain obligations to WTO Member States relating to border measures that may require custom authorities interventions in cases of importation of infringing goods. However, as the rest of Part III it also allows considerable flexibility to WTO Members States in implementing its obligations.

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Pharmaceutical Counterfeiting

What Are Counterfeit Medicines?

The definition of a counterfeit medicine is not well established.  In 1992, the WHO defined a counterfeit medicine as: “a medicine which is deliberately and fraudulently mislabelled with respect to identity and/or source."  Under this definition, it is the deliberate mislabeling of a drug or medicine which makes it a counterfeit.  The US FDA uses a similar definition,

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